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    • DOI: 10.18178/JOEBM
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HOME > Archive > 2026 > Volume 14 Number 2 (2026) >
JOEBM 2026 Vol.14(2): 85-90
DOI: 10.18178/joebm.2026.14.2.914

A Framework Detecting Risk of Geopolitical Competitions over Critical Minerals and a Case Study of Copper

Wenhua LI, Tsuyoshi Adachi, and Juntao Wang
Wenhua LI 1,*, Tsuyoshi Adachi 2, and Juntao Wang 3
1. School of Economics and Trade, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
2. Graduate School of International Resource Sciences, Akita University, Akita, Japan
3. School of Logistics and E-Commerce, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
Email: gentlelwh@163.com (W.L.); adachi.t@gipc.akita-u.ac.jp (T.A.); 13253693320@163.com (J.W.)
*Corresponding author

Manuscript received December 12, 2025; accepted April 10, 2026; published May 22, 2026.

Abstract—Geopolitical competitions over critical minerals are threaten the stable supply of critical minerals for renewables sector. The study builds a risk detecting framework for risks of geopolitical competitions over critical minerals and takes copper as a case study. The framework includes risk source, risk formation and risk transmission, three components. Risk source captures the objective chances, risk formation identifies risk forming potential from intention and obstacle perspective, risk transmission measures the magnitude of risk impacts. Risk of geopolitical competitions over copper is analyzed as a case study. The results show that in average, risk of geopolitical competition over copper is within the range of threshold risk level. The highest risk comes from geo-core importers, the lowest comes from geo-core exporters. The highest risk for copper could from Chile, Peru, Kazakhstan, Indonesia, D.R. Congo, China EU, USA, Australia, and Canada. The framework developed in this paper can be applied to other critical minerals as well and can be used to deliver comparable results.
 
Keywords—risk detecting, analyzing framework, geopolitical competition, critical mineral, copper

Cite: Wenhua LI, Tsuyoshi Adachi, and Juntao Wang, "A Framework Detecting Risk of Geopolitical Competitions over Critical Minerals and a Case Study of Copper," Journal of Economics, Business and Management, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 85-90, 2026.

Copyright © 2026 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).

 
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